"July sparked political reawakening in Bangladesh": Moshiur Rahman Richard | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This is a news article from Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS), published August 1, 2025, featuring an interview with Moshiur Rahman Khan Richard, President of the Student Federation and Coordinator of the Anti-Fascist Student Unity. Richard discusses his personal involvement in Bangladesh's **July Uprising**, a pro-democracy student movement that led to significant political upheaval against what he describes as the authoritarian rule of Sheikh Hasina's government.

The main topics covered include:
- **The formation and goals** of the Anti-Fascist Student Unity, established in response to electoral fraud in 2018 and campus repression by the ruling party's student wing
- **Richard's direct participation** in the quota reform protests and July uprising, including street protests, coordinating nationwide organizers, and rescuing injured students
- **Post-uprising assessment**, including concerns that national unity has fractured, democratic transition remains incomplete, and old political structures persist
- **Education reform demands**, such as increased education budgets, teacher salary parity, and a proposed National Student Council
- **Student politics**, including calls for regular student union elections to revive democratic campus culture and counter depoliticization trends


We mobilized movement to oust fascist Hasina: Nur Novi | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article, published by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS), is an interview with Nur Novi, the chief coordinator of Jagannath University's anti-discrimination student movement, recounting his experiences during the 2024 student uprising in Bangladesh that ultimately led to the ousting of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.

The article details Nur Novi's personal account of leading student protests at Jagannath University, including violent attacks by the pro-government Chhatra League on July 15, 2024, during which he suffered a broken right arm. It also describes his arrest on July 19, 2024, by DB police, during which he was subjected to torture, electric shocks, and a staged mock execution ("crossfire"), followed by imprisonment at Keraniganj Central Jail until August 6, 2024.

The piece covers the broader trajectory of the movement, from its origins as a quota reform protest demanding merit-based government recruitment, to its escalation after Sheikh Hasina publicly called student protesters "grandchildren of Razakars," ultimately culminating in her flight from the country on August 5, 2024, which Nur Novi learned about while still imprisoned.

Rights retained by the original publisher. Archived as a preservation copy for public research, with attribution and a link to the original.


I was hung and beaten at DB office: Abu Baker | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This is a news article published by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) on July 31, 2025, featuring an interview with Abu Baker Mojumder, a Dhaka University Geology student and key coordinator of the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement during Bangladesh's 2024 July Uprising. The article details his personal background, his role in organizing the quota reform protests that ultimately contributed to the fall of the Awami League government, and the torture he suffered while in detention.

## Main Topics Covered

- **Movement Organization**: How the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement was strategically built, including deliberate tactics such as front-lining female students and using inclusive, non-partisan branding to maximize participation
- **Detention and Torture**: Abu Baker's account of being physically beaten and hung while held by the Detective Branch (DB) police, and being coerced into reading a prepared statement calling for withdrawal from the movement
- **Key Turning Points**: The June 5 High Court quota reinstatement, the July 15 Chhatra League attacks on protesters, the killing of Abu Sayeed, and the nationwide internet shutdown
- **Personal Experiences**: Witnessing deaths at Chankharpul intersection on August 5, 2024, which he describes as his most haunting memory from the uprising


Fascism to return, if we fail to resist Awami League: Muklasur | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This is a news article published by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) featuring an exclusive interview with Muklasur Rahman Sweet, a student activist and coordinator at Islamic University in Kushtia who played a frontline role in Bangladesh's July 2024 mass uprising. The interview covers his personal experiences organizing student protests against the quota system, the violence and threats he faced from pro-government Chhatra League members, and how he maintained the movement through internet blackouts, curfews, and police crackdowns.

The main topics covered include the origins of the 2024 quota reform movement and how it escalated into a broader anti-authoritarian uprising against Sheikh Hasina's government, the specific challenges faced at Islamic University such as hall closures and threats from ruling party operatives, and Sweet's reflections on the movement's outcomes and his vision for a fascism-free Bangladesh. He warns that if the Awami League is not resisted, fascism could return, as many of its members still hold positions of power despite Hasina's departure from the country.


‘Keep your mouth shut or we will shoot you’, police threatens Nahidul Islam | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) is an interview with Md. Nahidul Islam, a student activist who became a symbol of state repression during Bangladesh's **July 2024 Uprising** after a photo of police forcibly covering his mouth went viral. The article is part of a one-year anniversary series called "July Awakening."

## Main Topics Covered

- **Nahidul's arrest on July 31** during a "March for Justice" procession, where police physically silenced him and threatened to shoot him, followed by approximately three hours of detention and alleged torture
- **His political background and motivations**, including over a decade of student activism rooted in socialist ideals and opposition to what he describes as a discriminatory quota system used to build political patronage networks under the Awami League government
- **His account of the uprising's escalation**, including the role of martyred protesters, women's participation, the collapse of the Chhatra League, and ultimately Sheikh Hasina's departure on August 5, 2024
- **His vision for Bangladesh's future**, calling for dismantling authoritarian political structures and establishing broader representative governance, while stating the July movement's goals remain unfulfilled


Entire country became protest field after campus closure on July 17: Asif Mahmud | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This is a news article published by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) featuring an exclusive interview with Asif Mahmud Shojib Bhuiyan, a key coordinator of the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement and current adviser to Bangladesh's interim government. The article documents his personal account of the July 2024 mass uprising that ultimately led to Sheikh Hasina fleeing Bangladesh on August 5, 2024.

The main topics covered include Asif Mahmud's political background and activism at Dhaka University beginning in 2018, his two detentions by intelligence agencies and the Detective Branch during which he was reportedly drugged with Pethidine and subjected to physical and psychological torture, and the strategic decision-making behind key movement milestones such as the one-point demand declaration at Shaheed Minar on August 3 and the "March to Dhaka" programme. He also describes the violence and casualties witnessed on August 4-5, the chaotic scene at Chankharpul where he witnessed protesters being shot, and his reaction upon receiving confirmation that Sheikh Hasina had left the country at approximately 1:30 PM on August 5, 2024.


Public wrath was must against AL for destroying democracy: Mahfuj Alam | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This is a news article published by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) featuring an exclusive interview with Mahfuj Alam, Bangladesh's Information and Broadcasting Adviser, conducted on August 1, 2025. The article profiles his background and role in the 2024 July Uprising, during which he worked behind the scenes to coordinate the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement that ultimately led to the ouster of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on August 5, 2024.

The interview covers several key topics, including the political conditions that made the uprising inevitable (specifically the Awami League's dismantling of democratic institutions and electoral processes), the strategic decisions behind the movement's leadership structure, and the role of cultural awareness in uniting protesters across ideological divides. Mahfuj Alam also discusses post-uprising priorities, including ongoing trials for July massacre perpetrators, a proposed Truth and Reconciliation process, and the broader challenge of reforming Bangladesh's entrenched political culture to establish genuine democratic governance.


July Uprising awakened conscience of entire generation: Nafsin  | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS), dated July 31, 2025, features an interview with Nafsin Mehanaz Azireen, a North South University student who played a prominent role in mobilizing female students during Bangladesh's **July Uprising of 2024**, a mass protest movement against the government of Sheikh Hasina.

In the interview, Nafsin describes joining the movement on July 15, 2024, after witnessing state violence against public university students protesting the quota system, and reflects on the significant role women played in the uprising. She also discusses the **personal risks and hardships** she faced, including police surveillance, death threats from Chhatra League activists, and post-uprising harassment of female protest leaders through social media and AI-generated defamatory images.

The article's main topics include **the political significance of the July Uprising** as a pro-democracy movement, the specific contributions of female students, the eventual flight of Sheikh Hasina from power, and Nafsin's vision for a future Bangladesh characterized by democratic freedoms, gender equality, and an end to corruption and authoritarian rule.


C'nawabganj's streets were bustling with 1-point demands  | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from BSS (Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha) covers the protest events that took place in **Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh on August 4, 2024**, as part of the broader **Anti-Discrimination Student Movement** against the Sheikh Hasina government. Students, parents, and BNP party members filled the streets across five upazila towns, demanding the government's resignation as their singular ("one-point") demand, in response to a quota reform dispute and violent crackdowns on protesters.

The article describes how demonstrators chanted slogans calling for justice for those killed, alleging that **Chhatra League (Awami League's student wing) attacked peaceful protesters** and that police subsequently opened fire on crowds under Hasina's orders, killing students and civilians. The article is part of a retrospective **"July Uprising" archive series**, published on August 5, 2025 — one year after the events described.


August 3: Rangpur erupts in protests demanding resignation of fascist Hasina | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article, published by BSS (Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha), documents the protest events that took place in **Rangpur city on August 3, 2024**, as part of what is referred to as the "July Uprising" against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's government. Thousands of students, teachers, lawyers, parents, and cultural activists participated in a large protest march spanning approximately six kilometers through the city, demanding Hasina's resignation, the release of arrested students, and justice for those killed during the movement.

The article also covers a **candlelight vigil at the Central Shaheed Minar** in memory of movement martyrs, and references the dismissal of two police officers allegedly involved in the death of **Abu Sayed**, a Begum Rokeya University student, which protesters characterized as a government cover-up attempt. Participants called for a nationwide "total non-cooperation" program beginning August 4, 2024, to pressure the government to resign.

**Note:** The article uses strongly partisan language, consistently labeling Hasina's government as "fascist," reflecting the publication's clear editorial stance rather than neutral reporting.


Bangladesh freed from Hasina's autocracy in stiff mass resistance Aug 5 | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article, published by BSS (Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha) on August 4, 2025, commemorates the first anniversary of the "July Uprising" that ended Sheikh Hasina's approximately 16-year rule in Bangladesh. On August 5, 2024, Hasina resigned and fled to India by military helicopter after millions of citizens defied curfews and marched on Dhaka, with the Army Chief confirming her departure.

## Main Topics Covered

- **The uprising's origins:** A student protest against a court-reinstated government job quota system (including 30% reserved for descendants of 1971 Liberation War fighters) that escalated into a mass movement after violent government crackdowns
- **The violence:** The UN estimated at least 1,400 deaths and approximately 20,000 injuries during the uprising, with police continuing to fire on crowds even after Hasina's resignation
- **Key events of August 5, 2024:** Massive crowds converging on Dhaka's Shahbagh, storming the prime ministerial residence (Ganabhaban) and parliament, and widespread celebrations mixed with continued violence
- **Student leadership:** Key coordinators including Nahid Islam, Sarjis Alam, and Hasnat Abdullah, who were briefly detained before declaring the single demand of Hasina's resignation on August 3, 2024


Despite unbearable pain, I didn't agree to their demand for false testimony: Faiyaz | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article, published by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS), features an exclusive interview with Hasnatul Islam Faiyaz, a 17-year-old student who was arrested and tortured during Bangladesh's 2024 July Uprising — a mass protest movement against government job quota policies. Faiyaz describes being picked up by police on July 24, 2024, subjected to physical torture at a Detective Branch office for refusing to give false testimony against fellow protesters, and brought to court with his hands tied in rope, which sparked nationwide public outrage. Despite enduring brutal beatings and being held in overcrowded detention, he was eventually transferred to a Juvenile Correction Centre in Gazipur, where he remained until the movement succeeded and former Prime Minister Hasina fled the country on August 5, 2024.

**Main topics covered include:**
- Faiyaz's motivations for joining the anti-discrimination quota reform protests
- His arrest, detention conditions, and torture by law enforcement
- His refusal to provide false testimony despite severe physical abuse
- The broader atmosphere of the July Uprising, including student solidarity and casualties
- His reflections on justice, the movement's outcomes, and his hopes for Bangladesh's future


Students, public celebrated victory against fascism in Rangpur on Aug 5 | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from BSS (Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha) describes the celebrations that took place in Rangpur, Bangladesh on August 5, 2024, following the resignation and departure of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Thousands of students and citizens took to the streets in jubilation, forming processions across multiple locations throughout the city, distributing sweets, offering prayers, and waving national flags in the rain.

## Main Topics Covered

- **Mass celebrations** across Rangpur city after news of Sheikh Hasina's resignation spread around 3 PM
- **A major victory procession** culminating at "Martyr Abu Sayeed Chattar" in front of Begum Rokeya University, where tributes were paid to a fallen student protester named Abu Sayeed
- **Political context**, including references to the student-led anti-quota protests that triggered the uprising and clashes with Awami League supporters on August 4th
- **Personal testimony** from student coordinator Rahmat Ali, a fellow activist of martyr Abu Sayeed, recounting his emotional experience of the day
- The article frames the events as a victory against what it calls a **"fascist regime"**, drawing comparisons to Bangladesh's 1971 language movement struggle against Pakistani rule


Success of July Uprising was our goal, not taking credit: Anisur Rahman Anik | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This is a news article published by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) featuring an exclusive interview with Anisur Rahman Khandaker Anik, a Dhaka University student and Vice President of the Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal (JCD), the student wing of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). The article covers his political journey from childhood involvement in nationalist politics through his active participation in the 2024 July Uprising against the Awami League government of Sheikh Hasina.

The main topics covered include Anik's personal political background and role within JCD, his account of key events during the July Uprising (including the pivotal moments of July 14-15, 2024), and his descriptions of operating covertly during the curfew period while evading arrest. He emphasizes that JCD's strategy was deliberately to support the movement without seeking leadership credit or public recognition, and he reflects on his vision for a post-uprising Bangladesh built on democratic institutions serving all citizens rather than a single party.


Quota reform movement was fight for justice of entire generation: Sajjad Hossain | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This is a news article published by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) on August 5, 2025, featuring an interview with Sajjad Hossain Chowdhury, a former senior joint secretary of the Dhaka College unit of Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal (JCD). He discusses his firsthand participation in Bangladesh's quota reform movement, which began in 2018 and escalated dramatically in July 2024 as a protest against a government job quota system that reserved up to 56% of positions, disadvantaging merit-based candidates.

The article covers key aspects of the movement including the challenges protesters faced, such as mass arrests, state repression, and misinformation campaigns, as well as how the movement evolved from a specific policy demand into a broader resistance against authoritarian governance. Sajjad also describes personal violence he suffered on July 22, 2024, when he was attacked, beaten with sticks and iron rods, and tortured by rival political group members (Chhatra League and Jubo League cadres), leaving him with lasting physical and psychological scars.


Anti-fascist movement united entire nation by a single thread: Akhtar Hossain | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This is a news article published by Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) on August 10, 2025, featuring an interview with Akhtar Hossain, Member Secretary of the National Citizen Party (NCP) and former DUCSU Social Welfare Secretary. The article covers his personal role in organizing and leading the July 2024 mass uprising in Bangladesh, which began as a quota reform movement and escalated into a broader anti-government revolt resulting in at least 1,400 deaths and approximately 30,000 injuries, ultimately leading to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina fleeing the country on August 5, 2024.

Hossain recounts key events including the strategic decision to keep the movement non-partisan, the violent crackdown by the Chhatra League, his arrest and imprisonment in solitary confinement conditions, and his release following Hasina's departure. He also reflects on the movement's historic significance, particularly the unprecedented unity it created across public universities, private universities, and madrasas, as well as how decentralized leadership prevented the government from dismantling the movement by targeting a single figure.


If I die, you will be martyr's parents, Hafez Redwan told parents | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from the Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) tells the story of **Hafez Redwan Islam**, a 24-year-old man from Rangpur, Bangladesh, who was killed on **August 6, 2024**, during the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement that led to the overthrow of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's government.

The article details Redwan's background as a poor, self-supporting Quran memorizer (Hafez) from a landless family in Gazipur, and recounts how he was **shot four times by police** in the Azampur area of Dhaka on August 5, 2024, while participating in a victory procession celebrating Hasina's removal. Despite being critically wounded, he received **severely delayed medical treatment** and died the following day.

The piece covers his family's grief, his final conversations with his mother and wife, his funeral in his home village, and his father's subsequent **legal case filed with the International Crimes Tribunal naming 48 individuals, including Sheikh Hasina**, as responsible for his death.


Govt publishes gazette of 1,558 injured July fighters | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from the Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) reports that the Bangladeshi government published an official gazette on July 23-24, 2025, formally recognizing **1,558 additional individuals wounded during the 2024 Mass Uprising** (referred to as the "July Uprising"). Of those recognized, 210 were classified under the critically injured **"B" category**, while the remaining 1,348 fell under the less severe **"C" category**, with fighters distributed across multiple divisions including Dhaka (405), Rajshahi (236), Chattogram (226), and others. The gazette was issued by the Ministry of Liberation War Affairs and signed by Deputy Secretary Haridas Thakur.


Children among casualties of July Uprising | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article, published by BSS (Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha) on September 10, 2025, documents the deaths of children and teenagers during Bangladesh's **July Uprising of 2024**, a political protest movement. The article profiles several individual victims, including six-year-olds Jabir Ibrahim and Riya Gop, seven-year-old Abdul Ahad, and teenagers Naima Sultana, Shafiq Uddni Ahmed Ahnaf, and Abdullah Al Mahin, detailing the circumstances of their deaths from gunfire during or near the protests.

The article reports that according to Bangladesh's Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, **132 children and teenagers were killed** in the uprising, along with 11 women, over 500 people were blinded, and nearly 20,000 were injured. Through personal accounts from grieving families, the piece emphasizes that many victims were killed in their homes or in ordinary circumstances, not directly participating in protests, underscoring the indiscriminate nature of the violence.


Thousands gather at Manik Mia Avenue to mark July Mass Uprising Day | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from BSS (Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha) reports on a large public commemoration held on August 5, 2025, at Manik Mia Avenue in Dhaka, Bangladesh, marking the first anniversary of the **July Mass Uprising Day** — a 2024 student-led movement that overthrew what the article describes as a fascist government.

The event, organized by Bangladesh's Ministry of Cultural Affairs, featured cultural performances, drone theater, and music involving over 250 artists, and drew thousands of attendees from across the country. A key moment was **Chief Adviser Dr. Muhammad Yunus** formally reading the "July Declaration" on stage, reaffirming the ideals of the 2024 uprising.

The gathering was attended by prominent political and government figures, including BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir and multiple government advisers, signaling broad official recognition of the uprising as a defining national event.


Adviser Adilur Rahman  offers prayer at Shuvo’s grave | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This is a short news article from the Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) reporting on a December 5, 2025 visit by Housing and Public Works Adviser Adilur Rahman Khan to the grave of Shahriar Shuvo in Chuadanga, Bangladesh. Shuvo was a martyr of the July 2024 student-people uprising, having been shot on July 19, 2024 in Dhaka's Mirpur area and dying from his injuries on July 23, 2024.

During the visit, the adviser offered prayers, met with Shuvo's father, and directed the local Deputy Commissioner to expedite the disbursement of government assistance allocated to the martyr's family.


Media Framing of the July 2024 Uprising in Bangladesh: Testing the Boundaries of Galtung’s Peace Journalism Model

Summary:
## Summary

This academic article, published in the *International Journal of Peace and Conflict Research* (2026), examines how eight major English-language Bangladeshi newspapers covered the July 2024 political uprising that resulted in Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's resignation. Using quantitative content analysis of 98 news reports published between July 14 and August 14, 2024, the researchers apply Johan Galtung's Peace and War Journalism framework to evaluate media framing during the crisis.

The study found that newspapers fell into three broad categories: *The Daily Star* and *Dhaka Tribune* leaned toward peace journalism, while *Daily Sun*, *The Asian Age*, *New Age*, and *The Business Standard* reflected war journalism traits. Notably, *The Daily Observer* and *The Bangladesh Today* could not be cleanly classified into either category, as they blended elements of both models — a pattern the authors call **"mixed framing."**

The paper's central argument is that this hybrid reporting style challenges Galtung's traditional binary peace/war journalism model, and the authors call for an expanded framework that better accounts for this middle ground, particularly in the context of South Asian political conflict reporting.

International Journal of Peace and Conflict Research (IJPCR)


2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement - Wikipedia

Summary:
## Summary

This Wikipedia article documents the **2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement**, a major anti-government student protest that took place from June to August 2024. The movement was initially triggered by the reinstatement of a pre-2018 quota system reserving government jobs for certain groups, following a High Court ruling that struck down a 2018 reform circular.

The article covers the movement's **timeline** (from early June through early August), its **demands**, the escalating **violence and casualties** (including an estimated 1,650+ protester deaths and 22,000 injuries), **mass arrests** (12,000+), and the eventual **Supreme Court ruling** ordering that 93% of government jobs be filled based on merit. It also details the movement's broader consequences, including a nationwide internet shutdown, curfews, arson of state infrastructure, and the triggering of a subsequent **non-cooperation movement** that ultimately contributed to the ousting of Prime Minister **Sheikh Hasina**.


4–5 August 2024: Last days of protests, Hasina flees the country

Summary:
## Summary

This document is a section from a **Country of Origin Information (COI) Report on Bangladesh**, published by the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), specifically covering the final days of the 2024 Bangladesh protest movement on **4–5 August 2024**.

The document details the intense and deadly violence that occurred during those two days, including mass clashes between protesters, police, and Awami League supporters across multiple cities, resulting in an estimated **nearly 400 deaths on August 5 alone**. Key events covered include widespread lethal force used by police against protesters, retaliatory killings and lynchings of police officers and Awami League members, attacks on media outlets and government buildings, and the critical moment when **Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina fled Bangladesh by helicopter to India** after the army refused to fire on civilians and protesters stormed her official residence around 14:00 on August 5.

The document also describes the immediate aftermath of Hasina's departure, including surging retaliatory violence against Awami League affiliates, the destruction of approximately 450 out of 639 police stations, attacks on religious and indigenous minority groups, and the storming of parliament — drawing on sources including **UN OHCHR, Human Rights Watch, and multiple Bangladeshi news outlets**.


Summary:
## Summary

This Wikipedia article covers the life and death of Abu Sayed (2000–2024), a Bangladeshi student activist at Begum Rokeya University who was shot and killed by police on July 16, 2024, during the 2024 quota reform movement protests in Rangpur, Bangladesh. He was struck by four rubber bullets and died at approximately 3:05 PM, becoming one of the first fatalities of what became known as the "July massacre."

The article covers his early life and academic achievements in Rangpur, his activism as a coordinator for Students Against Discrimination, the specific circumstances of his shooting death during a police crackdown on protesters, and the numerous posthumous tributes he received. These tributes included a poem written in his honor, the renaming of a Rangpur intersection after him, visits to his grave by prominent figures including interim Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus, and plans to feature his image in Bangladesh's new e-passport design alongside other July Uprising martyrs.


Summary:
## Summary

The Wikipedia article covers the **July Uprising of 2024 in Bangladesh**, a mass popular movement that began as a student-led quota reform protest and escalated into a broader anti-government uprising that ultimately forced Prime Minister **Sheikh Hasina to resign and flee to India**.

The main topics covered include: the origins of the movement in opposition to a controversial government job quota system, the escalation into a full non-cooperation movement amid a government crackdown (which resulted in **834–1,581 deaths and over 11,500 injuries** depending on the source), and the aftermath including Hasina's resignation, a **constitutional crisis**, and the formation of an **interim government under Muhammad Yunus**. The article also addresses subsequent violence, prosecutions, geopolitical and financial impacts, and the uprising's cultural legacy.


Annex 1: Timeline of the protests in July–August 2024

Summary:
## Summary

This document is an **annex from a Country of Origin Information (COI) Report on Bangladesh**, published by the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) in August 2025. It provides a chronological timeline of the student-led protests that took place in Bangladesh between **July 1 and August 5, 2024**.

The timeline covers key phases of the protests, including the initial demonstrations, escalating clashes with the Chhatra League (a pro-government student group) and law enforcement, the imposition of a **"shoot-on-sight" curfew on July 20**, the temporary overturning of the quota system that triggered the protests, and the eventual **flight of Prime Minister Hasina from the country on August 4–5, 2024**. The document notes it is not exhaustive, as some violent events could not be tied to specific dates.


Aftermath of the July Uprising - Wikipedia

Summary: This Wikipedia article covers the aftermath of the July 2024 Uprising in Bangladesh, which followed the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. It details the significant political, constitutional, and social changes that occurred in Bangladesh following the uprising, including widespread post-resignation violence, the formation of an interim government led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, and a constitutional crisis. Key topics include subsequent protests by various groups (police, Hindus, Islamists, and others), investigations and prosecutions, the formation of the National Citizen Party, a ban on the Awami League, reform commissions, the trial of Sheikh Hasina, and international incidents such as the attack on the Bangladesh Assistant High Commission in Agartala, India.


Summary:
## Summary

This document is a forensic video analysis of the killing of Mohamed Ridoy, a 20-year-old Bangladeshi student, by police outside Sharif General Hospital in Ghazipur, Bangladesh on August 5, 2024 — the day Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina fled the country amid mass protests.

The analysis, compiled in November 2024 from verified cell phone and social media footage, documents how police officers shot Ridoy at point-blank range in the back with a shotgun after capturing him during a demonstration, then dragged his body toward Konabari Police Station. Key findings include the identification of the individual officer who fired the shot, concerns about command responsibility, and evidence that Ridoy may still have been alive when officers removed him from the scene.

The document concludes that Ridoy's body has never been recovered, with police denying all knowledge of its whereabouts despite his family's pleas, raising serious questions about both individual culpability and potential attempts to conceal evidence of the killing.

International Truth and Justice Project (ITJP) Bangladesh

graphic violence
death
forensic evidence of killings


Jatrabari: Evidence of a Massacre - ENGLISH

Summary:
## Summary

This document is a forensic video analysis of a massacre that occurred outside Jatrabari police station in Bangladesh on August 5, 2024, compiled from verified cell phone and social media footage. It examines how Bangladeshi police deliberately opened fire on civilian protesters participating in a mass march calling for the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who fled the country later that same day.

The main topics covered include: the deliberate police escalation triggered by an officer throwing a stun grenade into the crowd; the systematic use of lethal weapons including 12-gauge shotguns loaded with lead pellets and Chinese Type 56 AK-pattern rifles against unarmed civilians; and specific documented killings, including named victims such as 18-year-old student Yasi Shokar, 24-year-old madrasa student Kobayb Ahmed, IT worker Miraj Hussain (age 29), and Mohamed Riton, who died at a hospital over two hours after being shot. The analysis documents at least 19 dead or gravely injured, contrasting police behavior with that of soldiers who had earlier attempted to peacefully defuse the situation, and concludes by calling for credible, independent investigation into Jatrabari and hundreds of similar incidents from the protests.


Summary:
## Summary

This article by Dr. Navine Murshid, published in *The Daily Star*, examines the role of music — specifically rap — in Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, which was sparked by economic grievances, political repression, and demands for democracy. Two rap songs, **"Awaz Utha" (Raise Your Voice)** by Hannan and **"Kotha Ko" (Speak Up)** by Shezan, became anthems of the movement, spreading virally on social media after the government lifted an internet blackout, representing a sharp departure from the traditional protest music (Rabindra Sangeet, Nazrul Geeti) that defined earlier movements like the 1990 anti-Ershad uprising and the 2013 Shahbagh movement.

The article contrasts this digitally-driven, decentralized, youth-led cultural resistance with past movements, noting that established cultural organizations largely stayed silent due to their alignment with the Awami League government. It also critically addresses competing narratives that frame the uprising as either an Islamist or right-wing conspiracy, arguing instead that it was a broad, spontaneous, leaderless movement driven by Gen Z frustration with authoritarianism.

Finally, the piece reflects on the movement's uncertain legacy, warning that — like the Shahbagh movement before it — the July Uprising risks being co-opted by political actors, while Bangladesh continues to face polarization and incomplete democratic reform.


Valiant voices against brute force: The fearless upstarts of Bangla rap

Summary:
## Summary

This article from *The Daily Star* (Bangladesh) covers the emergence of Bangla rap music as a form of political resistance during the 2024 quota reform protest movement in Bangladesh, in which over 165 people were killed and more than 10,000 arrested. The piece profiles several young rappers — including Hannan Hossain Shimul (who was arrested after his song "Awaaz Utha" gained 600,000 views), Shezan Beatz ("Kotha Ko," 1.6 million views), and others — whose songs voiced the protesters' demands for merit-based job quotas and condemned government violence against students. The article argues that these rap artists accomplished what mainstream Bangladeshi music had failed to do — directly and fearlessly challenge state oppression through poetry and music — drawing parallels to historical Bengali resistance culture, Bob Dylan's protest anthems, and Maya Angelou's "Caged Bird" poem.


Rapper Hannan recounts his 12 days in jail

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from *The Daily Star* (Bangladesh) profiles rapper Hannan Hossain Shimul from Narayanganj, who was arrested on July 25 after releasing a rap song called "Awaaz Utha," which authorities deemed controversial. He was held for 12 days, during which police allegedly demanded bribes of up to Tk150,000 for his release, he was charged with vandalism and arson, and spent two days on remand before being released on August 6 following the fall of Sheikh Hasina's government.

The article covers three main topics: **his arrest and detention conditions** (including the police's bribery demands and 39-hour hold before court transfer), **his emotional experience in jail** (family visitation denials, public protests in his support), and **his plans following release** (he has already released a new track called "Risk" and is working on a prison-inspired song).


‘Awaaz Utha’ rapper Hannan arrested, gets 2-day remand

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from The Daily Star (Bangladesh) reports on the arrest of rapper Hannan Hossain Shimul on July 25, 2026, in Narayanganj, Bangladesh. He was granted a two-day remand after appearing in court, though no specific charges were publicly disclosed. According to his collaborator SnareByt, police apprehended Hannan and friends after finding protest video footage on their phones while they were returning from a funeral.

The article also covers the viral success of Hannan's rebel rap song **"Awaaz Utha"** ("Raise Your Voice"), which accumulated 298,000 YouTube views in 11 days and was trending at #12 in the music category. The song's lyrics call on Bangladeshis to speak out against street violence. His arrest prompted a **#freehannan** campaign among musicians, and fellow rapper Muhammad Shezan publicly addressed false rumors about his own arrest while expressing support for Hannan.


ARC condemns arrest of Bangladeshi rapper Hannan

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from *The Business Standard* (published August 1, 2024) reports that the **Artists at Risk Connection (ARC)**, a PEN America project, condemned the arrest of Bangladeshi rapper **Hannan Hossain Shimul** and demanded his immediate release. Hannan was arrested on July 25, 2024, in Narayanganj, allegedly because police found protest footage on his mobile phone, and he was subsequently placed on a two-day remand.

The article highlights that Hannan gained widespread popularity for his protest song **"Awaaz Utha"** (released July 18, 2024), which ranked 9th on YouTube's trending list, and that ARC characterized his arrest as part of a broader pattern of suppression of free expression in Bangladesh by authorities.


'Awaaz Utha' famed rapper Hannan placed on 2-day remand

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from *The Business Standard* (published July 31, 2024) reports that Bangladeshi rapper Hannan Hossain Shimul was arrested on July 25, 2024, in Narayanganj and subsequently placed on a two-day police remand. He was detained along with friends while returning from a funeral, after police allegedly found protest-related video footage on their mobile phones.

The article also notes that Hannan's song **"Awaaz Utha"** — released on July 18, 2024, in solidarity with ongoing quota reform protests in Bangladesh — had reached **#9 on YouTube's trending list**, and that the hashtag **#freehannan** circulated online in response to his arrest. There was additionally speculation about the arrest of another rapper, Muhammad Shezan, known for the track "Kotha Ko."


Summary:
## Summary

This news article from *The Daily Star* (Bangladesh) reports that rapper Hannan Hossain Shimul was released on bail by the Chief Judicial Magistrate Court of Narayanganj, following his arrest on July 25 in the Bhuighor area. He had been arrested in connection with student protests against the Awami League government, with cultural figures alleging his detention was due to his rebellious rap song **"Awaaz Utha."** His release came the day after the fall of Sheikh Hasina's regime on August 5, as the court granted bail to all those arrested in relation to the student protests.


'SIAM - Pani Lagbe Pani (পানি লাগবে পানি) | Mugdho (মুগ্ধ) | BANGLADESH' — protest rap from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, archived from a community playlist of the movement's rap songs. Bengali rap was one of the uprising's protest mediums; songs circulated as anthems at marches and online. Archived as a primary source; lyrics are not transcribed — listen to the recording.

Summary:
# Summary

This document describes a Bengali rap song titled "Pani Lagbe Pani" by artist SIAM, featuring Mugdho, which emerged as protest music during Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising. The song was part of a broader movement where Bengali rap served as a medium for political protest, with songs circulating both at physical marches and online as anthems of the uprising. The recording has been archived as a primary historical source documenting the cultural and musical dimensions of the 2024 Bangladesh protests.


'Ek Dofa (এক দফা) | Bangla Rap Song | Rafsan Ahmed Siam | (এক দফা দাবি নিয়ে রেপ গান)' — protest rap from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, archived from a community playlist of the movement's rap songs. Bengali rap was one of the uprising's protest mediums; songs circulated as anthems at marches and online. Archived as a primary source; lyrics are not transcribed — listen to the recording.

Summary:
# Summary

"Ek Dofa" is a Bengali rap protest song by Rafsan Ahmed Siam created during Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising. The song served as a form of protest activism, circulating among demonstrators both at physical marches and online as an anthem for the movement. The document preserves this rap as a primary historical source from the uprising, where Bengali rap music functioned as a key medium for expressing protest demands.


'কোটা চাইনা, মেধা চাই রেপ Song ২০২৪। ! Imtiaz Akib' — protest rap from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, archived from a community playlist of the movement's rap songs. Bengali rap was one of the uprising's protest mediums; songs circulated as anthems at marches and online. Archived as a primary source; lyrics are not transcribed — listen to the recording.

Summary:
# Summary

This document is a protest rap song titled "কোটা চাইনা, মেধা চাই" (We Don't Want Quota, We Want Merit) by artist Imtiaz Akib from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising. The song was part of a broader movement where Bengali rap served as a medium for protest, with songs circulating as anthems both at physical marches and online. The document is archived as a primary historical source from the uprising's protest movement.


''আওয়াজ উডা' গানের কারণে রিমান্ডে! | Mytv News' — protest rap from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, archived from a community playlist of the movement's rap songs. Bengali rap was one of the uprising's protest mediums; songs circulated as anthems at marches and online. Archived as a primary source; lyrics are not transcribed — listen to the recording.

Summary:
# Summary

This document is a Mytv News article about a Bengali rap song titled "আওয়াজ উডা" (Voice Rise) that resulted in someone being taken into remand custody during Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising. The main topics covered include the song's role as protest music during the uprising and Bengali rap's significance as a medium for political expression, with the song functioning as an anthem that circulated both at physical marches and online.


'SIAM - Abu Sayed ( আবু সাঈদ ) | BANGLADESH' — protest rap from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, archived from a community playlist of the movement's rap songs. Bengali rap was one of the uprising's protest mediums; songs circulated as anthems at marches and online. Archived as a primary source; lyrics are not transcribed — listen to the recording.

Summary:
# Summary

This document is a protest rap song titled "SIAM - Abu Sayed" from Bangladesh, created during the country's July 2024 uprising. The song is archived as a primary historical source, representing Bengali rap's role as a protest medium during the movement, with the music circulating as an anthem both at physical marches and online. The document indicates that lyrics are not transcribed, and listeners are directed to the audio recording itself.


'Desh Kar? দেশ কার? - Lunatix Veer X Rhythmsta | Quota Reform Movement Bangladesh | GoatZilla' — protest rap from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, archived from a community playlist of the movement's rap songs. Bengali rap was one of the uprising's protest mediums; songs circulated as anthems at marches and online. Archived as a primary source; lyrics are not transcribed — listen to the recording.

Summary:
# Summary

This document is a protest rap song titled "Desh Kar?" (Whose Country?) by Bangladeshi artists Lunatix Veer and Rhythmsta, created during Bangladesh's July 2024 quota reform movement uprising. The song served as a protest anthem, circulating both at physical marches and online, representing Bengali rap's role as a medium of political expression during the uprising. It is archived as a primary historical source documenting the movement, with the full audio recording preserved rather than transcribed lyrics.


'SAHAN - Rajakar ( রাজাকার )  | BANGLADESH' — protest rap from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, archived from a community playlist of the movement's rap songs. Bengali rap was one of the uprising's protest mediums; songs circulated as anthems at marches and online. Archived as a primary source; lyrics are not transcribed — listen to the recording.

Summary:
# Summary

This document describes "SAHAN - Rajakar," a protest rap song from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising that was archived as a primary source from a community playlist of movement music. Bengali rap served as a key medium for protest during the uprising, with songs circulating as anthems both at physical marches and online. The document notes that while the recording is preserved, the lyrics have not been transcribed.


'SHEZAN - Kotha Ko (কথা ক) | BANGLADESH' — protest rap from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, archived from a community playlist of the movement's rap songs. Bengali rap was one of the uprising's protest mediums; songs circulated as anthems at marches and online. Archived as a primary source; lyrics are not transcribed — listen to the recording.

Summary:
# Summary

This document is a primary source archive entry for "Kotha Ko," a protest rap song by Bangladeshi artist Shezan from the July 2024 uprising in Bangladesh. Bengali rap served as a key protest medium during the uprising, with songs like this one circulating as anthems at marches and online to mobilize the movement.


'HANNAN, SnareByt - AWAAZ UTHA (আওয়াজ উডা) | BANGLADESH' — protest rap from Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising, archived from a community playlist of the movement's rap songs. Bengali rap was one of the uprising's protest mediums; songs circulated as anthems at marches and online. Rapper Hannan (Hannan Hossain Shimul), whose protest rap 'Awaaz Utha' became an anthem of the movement, was arrested during the July 2024 crackdown over the song and released after the fall of the Hasina government on 5 August 2024. Archived as a primary source; lyrics are not transcribed — listen to the recording.

Summary:
# Summary

This document describes a protest rap song titled "Awaaz Utha" by Bangladeshi rapper Hannan (Hannan Hossain Shimul) from July 2024. The song became an anthem during Bangladesh's July 2024 uprising and was circulated among protesters both at marches and online, representing Bengali rap as a key medium of protest during the movement. The rapper was arrested for the song during the government crackdown but was released after the fall of the Hasina government on August 5, 2024.


36 Days in July: Sheikh Hasina’s secret orders revealed I Al Jazeera Investigates

Summary:
## Summary

This Al Jazeera investigative documentary examines the final 36 days of Sheikh Hasina's 15-year rule as Bangladesh's Prime Minister, culminating in her flight from the country in 2024. It focuses specifically on her secret orders to security forces during a student-led protest movement that began over a controversial government job quota system reserving positions for descendants of 1971 liberation war veterans.

The main topics covered include: exclusive intercepted phone recordings revealing Hasina allegedly directing police to shoot protesters and pressuring officials to falsify autopsy reports; the killing of student Abu Saeed, who became a martyr symbol for the uprising after being shot on camera; and the systematic cover-up attempts by Hasina's government, including attempts to bribe the doctor who performed Saeed's autopsy. The documentary also provides background on Hasina's authoritarian consolidation of power, her use of a feared youth paramilitary wing, and a covert surveillance apparatus run by military intelligence to track and abduct political opponents.


36 July: Uprising In Bangladesh |  Ep. 5 - March to Dhaka | Al Jazeera Investigates

Summary:
## Summary

This is Episode 5 ("March to Dhaka") of Al Jazeera's investigative podcast series **"36 July: Uprising in Bangladesh,"** which documents the events of **August 5, 2024** — the day Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was forced from power following a massive popular uprising.

The episode covers two main threads: the **personal story of Nafisa**, a student activist who was shot during the protests and called her father to say she believed she would die, illustrating the human cost of the uprising; and the **broader political and military events of that day**, including the massive march of hundreds of thousands of people toward Dhaka, Hasina's refusal to resign and her pressure on the military to shoot protesters, and the army's ultimate decision to stand down and tell her she had 40 minutes to flee. Eyewitness accounts from protesters, journalists, and analysts describe both the jubilation of the crowds and the ongoing deadly violence from police and armed Awami League supporters, including a harrowing account of students being shot at from rooftops during the march.

The title "36th July" refers to the students' symbolic extension of July by five days to mark August 5th as the date of their victory.


36 July: Uprising In Bangladesh | Ep. 4 – Chain of Command | Al Jazeera Investigates

Summary:
## Summary

This is Episode 4 ("Chain of Command") of Al Jazeera's investigative documentary series *36 July: Uprising in Bangladesh*, narrated by Kevin Herzen. It covers the final days of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's rule in Bangladesh during the July-August 2024 student uprising.

The episode focuses on three main topics: **Hasina's failed attempts to suppress and deflect the protest movement** — including media manipulation during an internet blackout, staging coerced student "hostage videos," and hosting victims' families at her residence; **a critical August 3rd military turning point**, in which junior army officers staged a deliberate internal meeting (a "Darbar") to pressure the Army Chief to stop firing on civilians, effectively withdrawing the military's support for Hasina; and **the broader context of Hasina's 15-year authoritarian consolidation of power**, including the 2004 grenade attack that shaped her paranoid leadership style, her use of the Digital Security Act to silence critics, and her deployment of the paramilitary RAB unit, accused of over 600 forced disappearances since 2009.

The episode sets up the conclusion of the series, previewing Hasina's eventual flight from Bangladesh on August 5th and the storming of her official residence by protesters.


36 July: Uprising in Bangladesh | Ep. 1 – I Am Razakar | Al Jazeera Investigates

Summary:
## Summary

This is the transcript of Episode 1 ("I Am Razakar") of Al Jazeera's investigative podcast series *36 July: Uprising in Bangladesh*, which chronicles the 2024 popular uprising that ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her Awami League government on August 5, 2024.

The episode covers three main topics:

1. **The fall of Sheikh Hasina** — Journalists and activists walk through the ransacked ruins of Gonobhaban (the prime minister's official residence in Dhaka), examining how Hasina's increasingly authoritarian rule collapsed after weeks of protests, including exclusive intercepted phone calls in which she personally ordered lethal force against demonstrators.

2. **The quota system controversy** — The episode explains how student protests began over a government job quota system reserving 56% of positions for descendants of 1971 independence war freedom fighters, which students viewed as a mechanism for rewarding ruling party loyalists rather than merit.

3. **The "Razakar" turning point** — The episode details how Hasina's July 14, 2024 press conference — in which she insulted protesters by calling them "razakars" (a deeply offensive term for Pakistani collaborators during the 1971 war) — dramatically backfired, galvanizing mass student protests across the country, including violent crackdowns by the Awami League's student wing, Chhatra League.


36 July: Uprising in Bangladesh | Ep.2 - Making of a Martyr | Al Jazeera Investigates

Summary:
## Summary

This is Episode 2 of Al Jazeera's investigative series "36 July: Uprising in Bangladesh," titled "Making of a Martyr." It documents the events of July 16, 2024, at Begum Rokeya University in Rangpur, when student activist Abu Sayed was shot and killed by police during anti-government protests against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's government.

The episode centers on Tahidul Hakim (referred to as "Sam" or "CM"), a 24-year-old student journalist who was present that day and conducted three Facebook live streams documenting the confrontation. His footage captured Abu Sayed's iconic final act — standing in the road with arms outstretched challenging police to shoot him — and subsequently his death. Sam himself was shot with 50-60 pellets while filming and carrying Abu Sayed's body, yet continued broadcasting from the hospital.

The key themes include the role of citizen journalism and social media in fueling the protest movement, the transformation of Abu Sayed into a national martyr whose image now appears on murals and t-shirts across Bangladesh, and the personal trauma experienced by Sam, who blames himself for being unable to save Abu Sayed despite his bravery in documenting the event.


The Battle for Bangladesh: Fall of Sheikh Hasina - BBC World Service Documentaries

Summary:
## Summary

This BBC World Service documentary investigates the political uprising in Bangladesh that led to the fall of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on August 5, 2024. It examines the protests that began in July 2024 over Bangladesh's discriminatory job quota system, which reserved 30% of government positions for families of independence war veterans, and how those protests escalated into a broader revolution against Hasina's 15-year authoritarian rule.

The documentary focuses specifically on the violent government crackdown in the Jatrabari neighborhood of Dhaka, where police fired 2,444 live rounds and 695 assault rifle rounds at protesters, killing at least 52 people in a single day. Using leaked recordings, internal police documents, and eyewitness accounts, the film investigates who ordered the lethal force, with evidence pointing to direct orders from Sheikh Hasina herself.

The key turning point covered is the killing of 23-year-old student Abu Sayed on July 16, which went viral and transformed the protests into a mass uprising, ultimately culminating in the "March for Dhaka" on August 5, after which Hasina fled the country by helicopter to a military airport as the army informed her they could no longer protect her residence from the advancing crowds.


https://www.bssnews.net/july-uprising/contact-us/contact-us/14 | Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)

Summary:
## Summary

This is not a substantive news article but rather a **404-style error page** from Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS), Bangladesh's national news agency. The page displays a "topic not found" error message, indicating the requested content at that URL does not exist or could not be located.

The surrounding page context shows BSS's standard website layout, including **navigation categories** (National, International, Sports, Business, etc.) and **headline teasers** covering topics such as renewable energy, misinformation challenges, waterway restoration in Dhaka, and the "July Uprising" — a recurring theme referencing Bangladesh's July 2024 political events.


July Uprising | Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)

Summary:
## Summary

This document is a collection of news articles and headlines from **Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)**, Bangladesh's national news agency, covering the **"July Uprising"** — a mass protest movement in Bangladesh during July-August 2025 that led to the ousting of Prime Minister **Sheikh Hasina** on August 5, 2025.

The main topics covered include:

- **Personal testimonies** from protest participants describing police violence, forced disappearances, torture, and intimidation (e.g., beatings at police offices, threats to "keep your mouth shut or we will shoot you")
- **Key timeline events** such as campus closures on July 17, a "March to Dhaka" announced on August 4, and the nationwide non-cooperation movement declared August 4
- **Political framing** of the movement, with participants and commentators describing it as an **anti-fascist struggle** against Hasina's "autocracy," rooted in a quota reform movement that escalated into demands for her resignation

The articles consistently characterize the Hasina government as **fascist** and the Awami League as a threat to democracy, reflecting the editorial stance of BSS under the post-uprising government.


‘Fifth Primary Education Development Programme’ to begin July 1, PM tells JS | July Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This news article reports on an announcement made by Bangladesh's Prime Minister Tarique Rahman to the Jatiya Sangsad (parliament) on April 15, 2026, regarding the launch of the **Fifth Primary Education Development Programme**, set to begin July 1, 2026.

## Main Topics Covered

- The five-year programme will focus on providing **English language training** to primary school teachers, specifically targeting the approximately **246,489 teachers** who have not yet received such training (out of 376,489 total primary school teachers nationwide)
- Reference to the ongoing **Fourth Primary Education Development Programme**, under which 130,000 teachers have already received English training
- The government's commitment, outlined in its **election manifesto**, to bring all primary school teachers under special training programmes to improve teaching skills

The article is a straightforward parliamentary news report from Bangladesh's state news agency (BSS), focused on primary education policy and teacher development.


36 Days of July: saluting the bravehearts

Summary:
## Summary

This document is a special archive from *The Daily Star* (Bangladesh) commemorating the July 2024 uprising that led to the fall of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina after 15 years in power. It began as a student-led protest against Bangladesh's government job quota system but escalated into a nationwide mass movement against authoritarian rule, drawing in garment workers, teachers, doctors, and ordinary citizens across class and ideological lines.

The archive covers three main phases: **The Uprising** (how protests spread, the role of women, social media, and ordinary citizens), **State Violence** (including security force crackdowns, live ammunition use, internet shutdowns, enforced disappearances, and evidence that Hasina personally ordered forces to open fire), and **The Reckoning** (Hasina's ouster on August 5, 2024, and the formation of an interim government under Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus). Investigations revealed that 95% of the 204 analyzed victims were killed by bullets, with 113 struck by live rounds primarily to the head, chest, and abdomen.


Summary:
## Summary

This document consists of news headlines and article listings from **Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)**, Bangladesh's national news agency, covering events primarily from **August 2025 and August 2026**. The content centers heavily on the **"July Uprising"** — a mass protest movement that resulted in the ouster of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her Awami League government, described throughout as a victory against "fascism" and "autocracy."

The main topics covered include **firsthand accounts from uprising participants**, commemorations of the movement's anniversary, government policy updates (such as a new primary education programme and waterway restoration), and ongoing political discourse about preventing the Awami League's return to power. Key figures mentioned include various student leaders, movement organizers, and government advisers reflecting on the uprising's significance and its aftermath.


https://www.bssnews.net/july-uprising/contact-us/14 | Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)

Summary:
## Summary

This is essentially a **404-style error page** from Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS), Bangladesh's national news agency. The page displays a message stating **"The topic you are looking for was not found"**, indicating the requested content at that specific URL does not exist.

Rather than containing a specific article, the page simply shows **BSS's standard website navigation and headline feeds**, including recent news items covering Bangladeshi domestic affairs, international news, and sports as of August 2026. There is no substantive article or document to summarize at this URL.


Amnesty International briefing: Bangladesh quota reform protests (July 2024, ASA 13/8372/2024)

Summary:
## Summary

This document is an open letter dated July 2024 from Amnesty International Secretary General Agnès Callamard to Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, expressing grave concern over the violent government crackdown on student-led "quota reform" protests in Bangladesh. The letter documents that between 147 and 211 people were killed by security forces — including police, RAB, Border Guards, and military — who used birdshot, tear gas, and AK-pattern assault rifles against protesters, alongside violence perpetrated by the ruling party's student wing (BCL).

The letter specifically condemns a nationwide internet shutdown lasting 11 days, shoot-on-sight curfew orders, a blanket ban on protests under Section 144, and the mass arrest of approximately 10,000 people with over 213,000 individuals accused in police cases. Amnesty International also highlights the broader pattern of suppressing dissent through repressive legislation such as the Digital Security Act and Cyber Security Act.

The letter concludes with six concrete demands, including **lifting the curfew, releasing detained protesters, ensuring accountability for unlawful killings, cooperating with a UN investigation, providing reparations to victims, and repealing repressive laws** such as the Cyber Security Act 2023.


OHCHR Preliminary Analysis of Recent Protests and Unrest in Bangladesh (16 August 2024)

Summary:
## Summary

This is a **preliminary human rights analysis report** published by the **UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) on August 16, 2024**, examining the protests and political unrest in Bangladesh between July and August 6, 2024.

The report documents how initially peaceful student protests — triggered by a court ruling reinstating a **30% civil service job quota** for descendants of 1971 independence war veterans — escalated into a major political crisis, resulting in **hundreds of deaths (including at least 32 children)**, thousands of injuries, and the **resignation and flight of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on August 5, 2024**, followed by the formation of a civilian Interim Government under **Dr. Muhammad Yunus**.

The main topics covered include:
- **Excessive force and extrajudicial killings** by security forces, including the Rapid Action Battalion
- **Arbitrary arrests, torture, and enforced disappearances**
- **Internet shutdowns** restricting communications and press freedom
- **Nationwide curfews** limiting freedom of movement
- Post-government-collapse **attacks on religious minorities** (particularly Hindus) across 27 districts
- **Recommendations** to the Interim Government and international community for accountability, security sector reform, and democratic transition


Summary:
## Summary of Ganabhaban Wikipedia Article

This Wikipedia article describes **Ganabhaban** (meaning "People's House"), the official residence of former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, located in Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka. The building was originally constructed in 1973-1974 under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, though he never personally lived there, and it subsequently served various functions including as a court-martial venue and a state guest house under different governments.

The article covers the building's political history, including Sheikh Hasina's controversial one-taka lease of the property in 2001, her eventual move-in in March 2010 after a 2009 law formally assigned it to her, and notable events that occurred there during her tenure. Most significantly, it documents the **storming and looting of Ganabhaban by protesters** during the July 2024 Uprising that led to Hasina's resignation, followed by the interim government's September 2024 announcement to convert the building into the **July Uprising Memorial Museum**, preserving its post-storming condition as a historical exhibit.


Non-cooperation movement (2024) - Wikipedia

Summary:
## Summary

This Wikipedia article covers the **2024 Non-cooperation Movement in Bangladesh**, a mass uprising that took place on August 4–5, 2024, which successfully forced Prime Minister **Sheikh Hasina to resign and flee to India**. The movement, rooted in opposition to authoritarianism and triggered by what protesters called a "July massacre," involved demonstrations, civil disobedience, arson, and the storming of key government buildings including the Ganabhaban (the Prime Minister's residence) and the national parliament.

The article covers key topics including: the **causes and methods** of the uprising (led primarily by student groups like Students Against Discrimination), the **outcomes** (Hasina's resignation, arrest of Awami League leaders, formation of an interim government), and the **casualties** (at least 600 deaths estimated by OHCHR, 38 police killed, and 1 journalist killed). It also addresses the **aftermath**, including violence against minorities and Awami League supporters, a security and constitutional crisis, and both domestic and international reactions.


Summary:
## Summary

This Wikipedia article describes the **July Martyr's Monuments**, a government initiative by Bangladesh to construct memorial monuments across all 64 districts of the country, commemorating victims of the **July massacre** and the broader **July Uprising**. The project was announced in June 2025, with a 37-member national committee formed to oversee construction, and each monument allocated approximately **৳1,400,000 (US$11,000)** in funding.

The article covers the **background** of the initiative, **construction progress** across multiple districts (beginning July 9, 2025, with a completion deadline of August 5, 2025), and the **architectural design** — an 18-foot steel pillar on a concrete platform with internal lighting and engraved inscriptions. Notably, several existing structures were demolished to make way for the monuments, including an Awami League office in Faridpur and a Sheikh Mujibur Rahman mural in Jashore, and the first completed monument in Narayanganj bears the names of **21 people killed in the July massacre**.


2024 Bangladesh internet blackouts - Wikipedia

Summary:
## Summary of 2024 Bangladesh Internet Blackouts

This Wikipedia article covers the government-ordered internet shutdowns that occurred in Bangladesh between July 18 and August 5, 2024, during the July Uprising, a protest movement against government job quota policies.

The main topics covered include two distinct blackout phases: the first lasting 10 days (July 18–28), during which broadband and mobile internet were progressively restored but social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram remained blocked; and a second shorter shutdown on August 4–5, which ended only after Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned. The article also details the political background, specifically the quota reform protests that triggered the shutdowns, along with the significant economic impact on banking and communications.

Additionally, the article covers the post-government investigation, which found that ICT Minister Zunaid Ahmed Palak verbally ordered the internet shutdown without proper administrative approval, and that official claims blaming a data center fire were false. In December 2025, the International Crimes Tribunal issued an arrest warrant against Sajeeb Wazed Joy in connection with the shutdowns.


জুলাই গণঅভ্যুত্থানের ৩৬ দিন

Summary:
## সারসংক্ষেপ

এই বিবিসি বাংলার বিশেষ প্রতিবেদনটি বাংলাদেশের ২০২৪ সালের জুলাই-আগস্ট মাসের গণঅভ্যুত্থান নিয়ে, যেখানে কোটা সংস্কারের দাবিতে শুরু হওয়া ছাত্র আন্দোলন ক্রমে সরকারবিরোধী আন্দোলনে রূপ নেয় এবং শেষ পর্যন্ত প্রধানমন্ত্রী শেখ হাসিনার পদত্যাগ ও দেশত্যাগের মধ্য দিয়ে পরিসমাপ্তি ঘটে।

প্রতিবেদনটিতে মূলত তিনটি বিষয় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে: **(১)** আন্দোলনের পরিসংখ্যান — ৫ জুন থেকে ৫ আগস্টের মধ্যে ৫৩৩টি বিক্ষোভ এবং সরকারি হিসেবে ৮৩৪ জন নিহত, যদিও জাতিসংঘ ও ACLED-এর তথ্য অনুযায়ী নিহতের সংখ্যা কমপক্ষে ১,৪০০; **(২)** নিরাপত্তা বাহিনীর ক্রমবর্ধমান দমন-পীড়ন — কাঁদানে গ্যাস থেকে শুরু করে সামরিক রাইফেল দিয়ে গুলি পর্যন্ত; এবং **(৩)** ইন্টারনেট ব্ল্যাকআউটের মধ্যে বিবিসি বাংলার সাংবাদিকতার অভিজ্ঞতা ও চ্যালেঞ্জ।


Bravehearts: An homage to martyrs and survivors of the July Revolution

Summary:
## Summary

**"Bravehearts"** is a commemorative news article published by *The Business Standard* (Bangladesh) that pays tribute to the martyrs and survivors of Bangladesh's **July Revolution of 2024**, a political uprising that began as a quota reform protest and escalated into a nationwide movement resulting in an estimated **700–1,000 deaths** between July 16 and August 5, 2024, under the Hasina regime.

The article profiles **specific victims by name**, including a garment worker, teenagers, and a young mother killed by a stray bullet, as well as **survivors** who suffered severe injuries such as amputations and blindness. It highlights iconic figures like **Abu Sayeed**, whose viral video of facing police gunfire with arms outstretched became a symbol of the movement.

The piece also documents **the revolution's broader legacy**, including institutional memorials, government compensation efforts, policy discussions around police reform, and *The Business Standard's* own role in chronicling the human cost of the uprising as a historical record.


Summary:
## Summary of the July Declaration

The July Declaration (জুলাই ঘোষণাপত্র) is an official document announced by Bangladesh's Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus on 5 August 2025, marking the first anniversary of the July Uprising that ousted Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her Awami League government. The declaration contains 28 commitments that formally recognize the 2024 student-led uprising, reject the political framework of the former Awami League government, and outline goals including constitutional restructuring, democratic reforms, free and fair elections, and accountability for alleged crimes such as extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances.

The document is retroactively dated to 5 August 2024 and calls for its eventual inclusion in Bangladesh's constitution. It has received mixed reactions, with some political parties and leaders endorsing it, while others — including Islamist groups, leftist parties, the National Citizen Party, and British journalist David Bergman — criticized it for being incomplete, politically selective, or factually one-sided in its portrayal of the Awami League era.


The Longest Silence: Internet Shutdowns During Bangladesh’s 2024 Uprising

Summary:
## Summary

This investigative report, published by Digitally Right and OONI (Open Observatory of Network Interference) in July 2025, documents and analyzes the internet shutdowns that occurred in Bangladesh between July 15 and August 5, 2024, during the student-led uprising that ultimately resulted in the resignation and departure of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.

The report reconstructs a verified chronological timeline of the shutdowns across five distinct phases, detailing how authorities deployed multiple overlapping tactics — including two complete nationwide internet blackouts (July 18–23 and August 5), mobile data throttling, broadband speed reductions, selective blocking of social media platforms (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Telegram, YouTube, and others), and crackdowns on VPN services — making it the longest and most geographically extensive internet shutdown in Bangladesh's history.

Key findings include that the most severe disruptions directly coincided with the deadliest periods of protest violence (with an estimated 1,400 total deaths during the period), that shutdown directives were issued informally — often via WhatsApp — by multiple government bodies including BTRC, NTMC, and the Department of Telecommunications with little transparency or legal documentation, and that technical evidence from OONI, IODA, Cloudflare Radar, and Google traffic data independently corroborates the timing and scale of each disruption phase documented through media reporting and operator interviews.

Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI)


How Bangladesh’s ‘Gen Z’ protests brought down PM Sheikh Hasina

Summary:
## Summary

This Al Jazeera article chronicles the student-led protests in Bangladesh that ultimately toppled Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's 15-year government in August 2024. The unrest began in June 2024 when the High Court reinstated a quota system reserving one-third of government jobs for descendants of 1971 Liberation War veterans, sparking demonstrations led by university students demanding a merit-based hiring system.

The protests escalated dramatically after the government responded with violent crackdowns, internet shutdowns, and a nationwide curfew, resulting in at least 300 deaths and thousands of arrests over several weeks. Despite the Supreme Court scaling back the quota to just 5% on July 21, protesters shifted their demands to call for Hasina's resignation due to the brutal suppression of demonstrations.

On August 5, 2024, following a particularly deadly crackdown on August 4th that killed nearly 100 people, Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled Bangladesh by military helicopter, reportedly to India, marking the end of her government amid widespread public outrage.


‘It’s war now’: As Bangladesh quota protests escalate, what’s next?

Summary:
## Summary

This Al Jazeera news article from July 19, 2024 covers the escalating anti-quota protests in Bangladesh, in which university students clashed violently with security forces and pro-government activists over a government job reservation system that allocates more than half of civil service positions to specific groups, including 30% reserved for descendants of 1971 independence war veterans.

The main topics covered include the deadly violence that killed at least 39 people by Thursday (July 18), the government's imposition of a nationwide curfew and telecommunications blackout, the hacking of official government websites by a group called "THE R3SISTANC3," and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's response, which included ordering university closures and a judicial probe into the killings. The article also addresses the Supreme Court's suspension of the quota reinstatement pending an August 7 hearing, as well as international reactions from the US State Department, the United Nations, and Amnesty International, all of whom condemned the violence against protesters.


Gono Bhaban to be converted into July uprising museum by Aug 5

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from *The Daily Star* (Bangladesh), dated August 2, 2026, reports that the Bangladeshi government plans to convert **Gono Bhaban** — the former prime minister's residence associated with Sheikh Hasina's government — into the **"July Uprising Memorial Museum"** by August 5, 2026.

The project has a total estimated cost of **Tk 111 crore**, split between two contractors: Shuvra Traders handling electrical/mechanical works (Tk 40.83 crore) and Civil Engineers Ltd handling structural/civil works (Tk 70.37 crore). Both contracts were approved via direct procurement at a meeting of the Economic Affairs Advisory Committee, chaired by Financial Advisor Salehuddin Ahmed, with the original repurposing decision having been made on December 24 of the previous year.


OHCHR report on 2024 protests in Bangladesh - Wikipedia

Summary:
## Summary

This Wikipedia article covers the **OHCHR Fact-Finding Report on the 2024 protests in Bangladesh**, published on February 12, 2025. The report documents human rights violations that occurred between July 1 and August 15, 2024, during the "July Uprising," when student protests demanding political reforms were met with a violent government crackdown that resulted in an estimated **1,400 deaths**, thousands of arbitrary detentions, torture, sexual violence, and suppression of journalists and activists.

The article details the UN investigation process — including over 250 interviews conducted across multiple Bangladeshi cities — the report's key findings (such as 75% of deaths caused by firearms, including military-grade weapons), and its recommendations, which notably included **referring Bangladesh to the International Criminal Court** for potential crimes against humanity. It also covers reactions from international organizations like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, domestic political figures including interim chief adviser Muhammad Yunus, and the Bangladesh Army's denial of receiving human rights warnings from the UN.


New Study Delves Into the Internet Shutdowns of Bangladesh’s 2024 Uprising - Digitally Right

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from Digitally Right describes a new research report examining the internet shutdowns that occurred during Bangladesh's 2024 student-led uprising, specifically the 22-day blackout period from July 15 to August 5, 2024. The report, produced by Digitally Right Limited in collaboration with OONI, reconstructs a verified timeline of how the shutdowns were implemented across five distinct phases, linking network disruptions to political events, casualties, and chains of institutional responsibility.

## Main Topics Covered

- **Scale and tactics**: The shutdown was Bangladesh's longest ever, involving nationwide blackouts, bandwidth throttling, cache server deactivations, and social media/VPN blocking
- **Correlation with violence**: The most severe network disruptions coincided with spikes in protester deaths and human rights violations
- **Institutional opacity**: Shutdowns were carried out through informal directives (including via WhatsApp), with overlapping and unclear authority among multiple government bodies (BTRC, NTMC, DoT)
- **ISP involvement**: Internet service providers and mobile operators were used to enforce censorship, often under verbal orders
- **Circumvention crackdown**: Authorities actively blocked VPNs and other tools used to bypass restrictions


UN Fact-Finding Team Issues Call for Submissions

Summary:
## Summary

This is a press release from the United Nations in Bangladesh, dated September 16, 2024, announcing that a UN Human Rights Office fact-finding team has been established to investigate alleged human rights violations in Bangladesh. The investigation covers the period of **July 1 to August 15, 2024**, focusing on violations that occurred during recent protests, at the invitation of Bangladesh's Interim Government.

The main topics covered include:
- A **call for submissions** from individuals, groups, and organizations with firsthand information about human rights violations during the protest period (submissions to be sent to OHCHR-FFTB-Submissions@un.org)
- The team's **mandate** to establish facts, identify responsibilities, analyze root causes, and make recommendations
- Key **procedural details**, including that the investigation is confidential, independent of any criminal justice process, and will conclude with a published human rights report containing findings and recommendations


July Memorial Monument, Shahbag - Wikipedia

Summary:
## Summary

This Wikipedia article describes the **July Memorial Monument** located in Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh — an 18-foot-tall concrete public monument built to honor the martyrs of the **July 2024 uprising** in Bangladesh, a widespread protest movement against government negligence and demands for political accountability. The monument features inscriptions of slogans, graffiti, and poems from the revolution, and was installed as part of a nationwide initiative to erect similar memorials across all 64 districts of Bangladesh. It is situated in the Shahbagh area of Dhaka, near key administrative and educational institutions, and was inaugurated on **5 August 2025**.


Bangladesh quota protests updates: Students vow ‘shutdown’ as 19 killed

Summary:
## Summary

This is a **live news article** from Al Jazeera, dated **July 18, 2024**, covering student-led protests in Bangladesh against a government quota system. The protests turned deadly, with **at least 19 people killed**, prompting students to call for a nationwide "shutdown."

The document is largely a **webpage shell** with minimal article content preserved, consisting mainly of navigation menus, footer links, and metadata from the Al Jazeera website rather than the full article body.

**Note:** Due to the limited actual article text captured in this document, a fully detailed summary of the protest specifics is not possible from the provided content alone.


Bangladesh will commemorate July Uprising annually to prevent return of fascism: CA Yunus

Summary:
## Summary

This news article from The Business Standard (dated July 1, 2025) reports on Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus's announcement that Bangladesh will hold annual commemorations of the July 2024 mass uprising to guard against the return of authoritarianism. Yunus made the announcement while inaugurating a month-long programme marking the first anniversary of the student-led protests that ousted former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and ended 15 years of Awami League rule. The article also details the specific events planned throughout July 2025, including prayer services, a mass signature campaign demanding justice for victims, poster campaigns, documentary screenings, drone shows, a dedicated website (Julyforever.org), and memorial programmes across all 64 districts of Bangladesh.


Critical UN report must spur accountability & justice in Bangladesh

Summary:
## Summary

This February 2025 Amnesty International news article responds to a UN Fact-Finding report on human rights violations in Bangladesh. The UN report found reasonable grounds to believe that the former government led by ex-Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and its security forces systematically committed serious human rights violations — potentially rising to the level of crimes against humanity — during anti-government protests between **July 1 and August 15, 2024**.

Amnesty International's South Asia regional director calls on Bangladesh's Interim Government to act on the UN's key recommendations, including **referring the incidents to the International Criminal Court**, guaranteeing fair trials, reforming security and justice sectors, and repealing restrictive laws. The article emphasizes that continued engagement with UN human rights mechanisms is essential to deliver justice, accountability, and reparations to victims and survivors.


Timeline of the July Uprising - Wikipedia

Summary:
## Summary

This Wikipedia article provides a detailed chronological timeline of the **July Uprising in Bangladesh (2024)**, a pro-democracy mass uprising against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's government.

The main topics covered include:
- The **origin of the movement** — sparked by a June 5, 2024 High Court ruling that reinstated a 30% civil service job quota for descendants of freedom fighters from the Bangladesh Liberation War
- **Escalating protests and crackdowns** — including student blockades, violent attacks by Chhatra League members, police suppression, and protester deaths (referred to as the "July massacre")
- **Key developments** — such as the Appellate Division's temporary stay on the quota ruling, negotiations, Supreme Court involvement, and a growing non-cooperation movement

The timeline ultimately traces the uprising from its early phase as a quota reform protest through its escalation into a full-scale national uprising, culminating in **Sheikh Hasina's resignation on August 5, 2024**.


How peaceful Bangladesh quota protests morphed into nationwide unrest

Summary:
## Summary

This Al Jazeera article (published July 21, 2024) covers how student protests in Bangladesh over a government job quota system escalated into widespread violent nationwide unrest. The protests began as demonstrations against a policy reserving over 50% of government jobs — including a 30% quota for descendants of 1971 independence war veterans — but intensified after a violent crackdown by police and ruling Awami League party supporters, resulting in at least 131–146 deaths, the vast majority being students and ordinary civilians.

## Main Topics Covered

- **Origins of the protests:** Students demanded reform of the discriminatory quota system amid high unemployment and rising costs of living
- **Government crackdown:** Police used live bullets, tear gas, and rubber bullets; curfew and shoot-on-sight orders were imposed; the army was deployed
- **Escalation:** General citizens joined the protests, broadening demands to include government accountability, resignations, and an apology from Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
- **Supreme Court ruling:** The court scrapped most quotas, allocating 93% of jobs on merit, but protesters continued demonstrating
- **Internet blackout:** A complete internet shutdown disrupted banking, commerce, journalism, and daily life, including operations at Chattogram port, which handles 80% of national trade


Joint Letter: Requesting urgent action towards UN human rights monitoring and investigation in Bangladesh

Summary:
## Summary

This document is an open letter dated August 19, 2024, signed by 13 human rights organizations including FIDH, Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch, addressed to UN member states regarding a severe human rights crisis in Bangladesh.

The letter calls on the UN Human Rights Council to establish an independent international investigative mechanism to examine violent events between July 15 and August 5, 2024, during which at least 440 people were killed and thousands injured when Bangladeshi security forces and ruling party supporters violently cracked down on student-led quota reform protests, ultimately leading to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's resignation and flight from the country.

The organizations specifically request five actions: establishing an independent evidence-gathering mechanism, mandating ongoing human rights monitoring during the interim government's transition period, ensuring accountability under international law, addressing pre-July 2024 violations including enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings, and strengthening Bangladesh's legal and judicial institutions — citing the government's history of excessive force, internet shutdowns, mass arrests of nearly 10,000 people, and over 600 documented enforced disappearances since 2009.

International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH)


Summary:
## Summary

The document is a webpage for the **July Mass Uprising Hall**, a dedicated gallery at the Chittagong University (CU) Museum in Bangladesh. The hall serves as a memorial commemorating the martyrs of the **July 2024 uprising in Bangladesh**, with a particular focus on two History Department students from the University of Chittagong — **Hridoy Chandra Tarua** and **Md. Farhad Hossain** — whose blood-stained clothing is preserved and displayed as central artifacts.

The main topics covered include the physical memorial exhibit and its artifacts, the museum's efforts to build a **digital archive** on the July Uprising for scholarly research, key slogans from the movement, profiles of the two martyred students, and a list of martyrs. The page also features solidarity statements from figures such as **Tariq Ali**, graffiti documentation from Chittagong, and links to related newspaper coverage in outlets including *The Guardian* and *The New York Times*.


Summary:
## Summary

This document is a joint open letter published by Human Rights Watch and 12 other human rights organizations on August 19, 2024, addressed to the UN Human Rights Council, urging urgent action regarding serious human rights violations in Bangladesh. The letter calls for the establishment of an independent international investigative mechanism and ongoing UN monitoring following a deadly government crackdown on student-led quota-reform protests between July 15 and August 5, 2024, which resulted in at least 440 deaths, thousands of injuries, and nearly 10,000 arrests.

The letter covers several key topics, including the violent suppression of protests by Bangladeshi security forces and Awami League party supporters, the subsequent resignation and flight of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, post-resignation reprisal attacks against minorities and perceived government supporters, and Bangladesh's broader history of enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and torture dating back to 2009. The organizations specifically request that the UN Human Rights Council establish an independent investigative mechanism, mandate comprehensive monitoring throughout the interim government's transition period, and support the new interim government led by Muhammad Yunus in strengthening its legal and judicial capacity to address accountability.


Summary:
## Summary

This document is the **contact page** of "July Archive 2024" (july24.xyz), a memorial website dedicated to documenting the **July 2024 student movement in Bangladesh**. The site preserves records of martyrs, photos, videos, and related historical information about this event.

The main topics covered include:

- **Ways to contribute** to the archive, such as submitting verified information, media (photos/videos), translation help (Bengali), and technical feedback
- **Contact details** (info@july24.xyz) and a submission form with categories for corrections, media, and general inquiries
- **A disclaimer** stating the site is a personal, independent initiative with no government, political, or organizational affiliation, and that the creator bears sole legal responsibility

The site appears to be a **crowd-sourced, volunteer-driven memorial archive** built to document and preserve the legacy of individuals who died during the July 2024 student movement in Bangladesh.


Summary:
## Summary

This document is from a memorial archive website (July24.xyz) dedicated to documenting the **2024 Bangladesh protests**, specifically focused on events from July-August 2024. The site serves as a visual archive containing **112 pieces of media** (36 photos, 76 videos) documenting the protests and their violent suppression.

The main topics covered include **police violence against protesters**, specifically incidents in Dhaka neighborhoods like Jatrabari and Mirpur, including a described shooting of a man named Khokon in the face with a shotgun on August 5th. The archive also references the **flight of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina** from the country on August 5, 2024, framing the protests as a **student freedom movement** with significant casualties among demonstrators.

The site is described as an **independent, privately created memorial archive** with no government or political affiliation, intended to preserve the memory and legacy of those killed during the movement, whom it refers to as "martyrs" and "heroes."


July Archive 2024 | Student Protest Movement

Summary:
## Summary

This document is the **site map and footer content** of "July Archive 2024," a memorial website dedicated to the **July 2024 student protest movement in Bangladesh**. The site aims to preserve the memory and legacy of those who died ("martyrs") during this movement.

The main topics/sections covered include:
- **A martyrs directory** listing those who died during the movement
- **A photo gallery** related to the protests
- **General informational pages** (About, Contact)

The site is described as a **personal, independent initiative** with no government or political affiliation, built as a memorial tribute to participants of the July 2024 student movement in Bangladesh.


Martyrs Memorial | Bangladesh Student Movement 2024

Summary:
## Summary

This document is a memorial website dedicated to victims of the Bangladesh Student Movement of July 2024, cataloging individuals who died during protests for justice and democracy. The site records 411 total martyrs across 64 districts, with 33,000 injured over 28 days of protest.

The main topics covered include a numbered registry of individual victims with their names, affiliations (mostly students from various Bangladeshi universities and colleges), ages, and dates of death, with the earliest deaths recorded on **July 16, 2024**. The site is a privately created, non-political archive built to preserve the memory of the movement, with data sourced from online groups and community contributions.


About July Archive: Documenting Bangladesh's 2024 Student Uprising & Quota Reform

Summary:
## Summary

**July Archive** is a personal, community-driven documentation project created to preserve the historical record of the 2024 Bangladesh student protest movement, which centered on demands for quota reform in government job recruitment.

The archive covers the origins and progression of the protests (which began as a peaceful push for merit-based hiring but grew into a broader movement for justice and accountability), profiles of martyrs who died during the events, photo and video galleries, and verified eyewitness and journalistic accounts.

The project is independently operated with no government or political affiliation, offers bilingual content, and relies on multiple verified sources — including eyewitness testimony, social media documentation, medical records, and family accounts — while welcoming community contributions to build a comprehensive historical record.


2024 Bangladesh Student Protests Archive: From Quota Reform to July Revolution

Summary:
## Summary

This document is a memorial archive website dedicated to documenting the July 2024 student protests in Bangladesh, which the site refers to as the "July Revolution." The archive records the human cost of the movement, cataloging **1,583+ martyrs**, 22,000+ injured individuals, across 64 districts over 37 days.

The site contains photos, videos, and accounts of specific incidents of violence, including police shootings of protesters — notably referencing events on **August 5, 2024**, the same day former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina fled the country. It is described as an independent, personally created initiative with no government or political affiliations, aimed at preserving the memory of those who died during the protests.